Syllabus for

Academic Year  (2024)

Course Description:

This course includes important physical topics that describe the influence of electricity and electromagnetic radiation on matter.  Ionic equilibria and Electrochemistry relate to the formation of ions and their ability to migrate under the influence of electricity.   Spectroscopy and Photochemistry are the topics that discuss the interaction of radiation with matter and are the foundation for many analytical techniques today. 

Strong, moderate and weak electrolytes, degree of ionization, factors affecting degree of ionization, ionization constant and ionic product of water. Ionization of weak acids and bases, pH scale, common ion effect. Salt hydrolysis-calculation of hydrolysis constant, degree of hydrolysis and pH for different salts. Buffer solutions, mechanism of buffer action and preparation of buffers.  Henderson equation and calculation of pH of a buffer. Solubility and solubility product of sparingly soluble salts – applications of solubility product principle. Ionic product, common ion effect and solubility product in qualitative analysis.Conditions for precipitation. 

Strong, moderate and weak electrolytes, degree of ionization, factors affecting degree of ionization, ionization constant and ionic product of water. Ionization of weak acids and bases, pH scale, common ion effect. Salt hydrolysis-calculation of hydrolysis constant, degree of hydrolysis and pH for different salts. Buffer solutions, mechanism of buffer action and preparation of buffers.  Henderson equation and calculation of pH of a buffer. Solubility and solubility product of sparingly soluble salts – applications of solubility product principle. Ionic product, common ion effect and solubility product in qualitative analysis.Conditions for precipitation. 

Strong, moderate and weak electrolytes, degree of ionization, factors affecting degree of ionization, ionization constant and ionic product of water. Ionization of weak acids and bases, pH scale, common ion effect. Salt hydrolysis-calculation of hydrolysis constant, degree of hydrolysis and pH for different salts. Buffer solutions, mechanism of buffer action and preparation of buffers.  Henderson equation and calculation of pH of a buffer. Solubility and solubility product of sparingly soluble salts – applications of solubility product principle. Ionic product, common ion effect and solubility product in qualitative analysis.Conditions for precipitation. 

Strong, moderate and weak electrolytes, degree of ionization, factors affecting degree of ionization, ionization constant and ionic product of water. Ionization of weak acids and bases, pH scale, common ion effect. Salt hydrolysis-calculation of hydrolysis constant, degree of hydrolysis and pH for different salts. Buffer solutions, mechanism of buffer action and preparation of buffers.  Henderson equation and calculation of pH of a buffer. Solubility and solubility product of sparingly soluble salts – applications of solubility product principle. Ionic product, common ion effect and solubility product in qualitative analysis.Conditions for precipitation. 

Prelearning topics: Conductivity, equivalent and molar conductivity and their variation with dilution for weak and strong electrolytes.

 Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions. Transference number and its experimental determination using Moving boundary methods. Ionic mobility. Applications of conductance measurements: determination of degree of ionization of weak electrolyte, solubility and solubility products of sparingly soluble salts, ionic product of water, hydrolysis constant of a salt using conductivity studies. Conductometric titrations* (only acid-base-four types).Numericals based on above topics.

Prelearning topics: Conductivity, equivalent and molar conductivity and their variation with dilution for weak and strong electrolytes.

 Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions. Transference number and its experimental determination using Moving boundary methods. Ionic mobility. Applications of conductance measurements: determination of degree of ionization of weak electrolyte, solubility and solubility products of sparingly soluble salts, ionic product of water, hydrolysis constant of a salt using conductivity studies. Conductometric titrations* (only acid-base-four types).Numericals based on above topics.

Prelearning topics: Conductivity, equivalent and molar conductivity and their variation with dilution for weak and strong electrolytes.

 Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions. Transference number and its experimental determination using Moving boundary methods. Ionic mobility. Applications of conductance measurements: determination of degree of ionization of weak electrolyte, solubility and solubility products of sparingly soluble salts, ionic product of water, hydrolysis constant of a salt using conductivity studies. Conductometric titrations* (only acid-base-four types).Numericals based on above topics.

Prelearning topics: Conductivity, equivalent and molar conductivity and their variation with dilution for weak and strong electrolytes.

 Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions. Transference number and its experimental determination using Moving boundary methods. Ionic mobility. Applications of conductance measurements: determination of degree of ionization of weak electrolyte, solubility and solubility products of sparingly soluble salts, ionic product of water, hydrolysis constant of a salt using conductivity studies. Conductometric titrations* (only acid-base-four types).Numericals based on above topics.

Prelearning topics: Electrode potential, Standard electrode potential, electrochemical series, types of electrodes.

 Reversible and irreversible cells. Concept of EMF of a cell. Measurement of EMF of a cell. Nernst equation and its importance. Thermodynamics of a reversible cell, calculation of thermodynamic properties: ΔG, ΔH and ΔS from EMF data. Calculation of equilibrium constant from EMF data. Concentration cells with transference and without transference. Liquid junction potential and salt bridge. pH determination using hydrogen electrode, quinhydrone electrode and glass electrode. Potentiometric titrations-qualitative treatment (acid-base and oxidation-reduction only).

Prelearning topics: Electrode potential, Standard electrode potential, electrochemical series, types of electrodes.

 Reversible and irreversible cells. Concept of EMF of a cell. Measurement of EMF of a cell. Nernst equation and its importance. Thermodynamics of a reversible cell, calculation of thermodynamic properties: ΔG, ΔH and ΔS from EMF data. Calculation of equilibrium constant from EMF data. Concentration cells with transference and without transference. Liquid junction potential and salt bridge. pH determination using hydrogen electrode, quinhydrone electrode and glass electrode. Potentiometric titrations-qualitative treatment (acid-base and oxidation-reduction only).

Prelearning topics: Electrode potential, Standard electrode potential, electrochemical series, types of electrodes.

 Reversible and irreversible cells. Concept of EMF of a cell. Measurement of EMF of a cell. Nernst equation and its importance. Thermodynamics of a reversible cell, calculation of thermodynamic properties: ΔG, ΔH and ΔS from EMF data. Calculation of equilibrium constant from EMF data. Concentration cells with transference and without transference. Liquid junction potential and salt bridge. pH determination using hydrogen electrode, quinhydrone electrode and glass electrode. Potentiometric titrations-qualitative treatment (acid-base and oxidation-reduction only).

Prelearning topics: Electrode potential, Standard electrode potential, electrochemical series, types of electrodes.

 Reversible and irreversible cells. Concept of EMF of a cell. Measurement of EMF of a cell. Nernst equation and its importance. Thermodynamics of a reversible cell, calculation of thermodynamic properties: ΔG, ΔH and ΔS from EMF data. Calculation of equilibrium constant from EMF data. Concentration cells with transference and without transference. Liquid junction potential and salt bridge. pH determination using hydrogen electrode, quinhydrone electrode and glass electrode. Potentiometric titrations-qualitative treatment (acid-base and oxidation-reduction only).

Pre learning: Electromagnetic spectrum, Wave nature of electromagnetic radiation. Wavelength, Frequency, wavenumber, relation between them.

Origin of molecular spectra : Study of rotation, vibration spectra of diatomic molecules. Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Degrees of freedom.            Rotational spectroscopy : Expression for rotational energy. Evaluation of internuclear distance from moment of inertia- problems. Criterion for absorption of radiation - selection rule. Application of microwave spectroscopy.

Vibrational Spectroscopy : Expression for potential energy of simple harmonic oscillator–Hooke’s law. Expression for vibrational energy. Zero point energy. Concept of force constant-its evaluation-problems. Degrees of freedom-modes of vibration for CO₂ and H₂O molecules. Vibration - rotation spectra PQR bands.

Raman Spectroscopy : Concept of Polarisability. Raman spectra-qualitative study. Stokes and anti-Stokes lines-selection rules. Advantages of Raman spectroscopy over IR spectroscopy.

Electronic spectroscopy: Potential energy curves for bonding and antibonding orbitals. Electronic transitions, qualitative description of σ, Π and non-bonding orbitals and transitions between them. Selection rules and Franck-Condon principle.

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy: NMR spectroscopy (Only principles to be discussed). ESR spectroscopy, NQR spectroscopy and Mossbaur spectroscopy. (Mention only) 

Pre learning: Electromagnetic spectrum, Wave nature of electromagnetic radiation. Wavelength, Frequency, wavenumber, relation between them.

Origin of molecular spectra : Study of rotation, vibration spectra of diatomic molecules. Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Degrees of freedom.            Rotational spectroscopy : Expression for rotational energy. Evaluation of internuclear distance from moment of inertia- problems. Criterion for absorption of radiation - selection rule. Application of microwave spectroscopy.

Vibrational Spectroscopy : Expression for potential energy of simple harmonic oscillator–Hooke’s law. Expression for vibrational energy. Zero point energy. Concept of force constant-its evaluation-problems. Degrees of freedom-modes of vibration for CO₂ and H₂O molecules. Vibration - rotation spectra PQR bands.

Raman Spectroscopy : Concept of Polarisability. Raman spectra-qualitative study. Stokes and anti-Stokes lines-selection rules. Advantages of Raman spectroscopy over IR spectroscopy.

Electronic spectroscopy: Potential energy curves for bonding and antibonding orbitals. Electronic transitions, qualitative description of σ, Π and non-bonding orbitals and transitions between them. Selection rules and Franck-Condon principle.

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy: NMR spectroscopy (Only principles to be discussed). ESR spectroscopy, NQR spectroscopy and Mossbaur spectroscopy. (Mention only) 

Pre learning: Electromagnetic spectrum, Wave nature of electromagnetic radiation. Wavelength, Frequency, wavenumber, relation between them.

Origin of molecular spectra : Study of rotation, vibration spectra of diatomic molecules. Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Degrees of freedom.            Rotational spectroscopy : Expression for rotational energy. Evaluation of internuclear distance from moment of inertia- problems. Criterion for absorption of radiation - selection rule. Application of microwave spectroscopy.

Vibrational Spectroscopy : Expression for potential energy of simple harmonic oscillator–Hooke’s law. Expression for vibrational energy. Zero point energy. Concept of force constant-its evaluation-problems. Degrees of freedom-modes of vibration for CO₂ and H₂O molecules. Vibration - rotation spectra PQR bands.

Raman Spectroscopy : Concept of Polarisability. Raman spectra-qualitative study. Stokes and anti-Stokes lines-selection rules. Advantages of Raman spectroscopy over IR spectroscopy.

Electronic spectroscopy: Potential energy curves for bonding and antibonding orbitals. Electronic transitions, qualitative description of σ, Π and non-bonding orbitals and transitions between them. Selection rules and Franck-Condon principle.

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy: NMR spectroscopy (Only principles to be discussed). ESR spectroscopy, NQR spectroscopy and Mossbaur spectroscopy. (Mention only) 

Pre learning: Electromagnetic spectrum, Wave nature of electromagnetic radiation. Wavelength, Frequency, wavenumber, relation between them.

Origin of molecular spectra : Study of rotation, vibration spectra of diatomic molecules. Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Degrees of freedom.            Rotational spectroscopy : Expression for rotational energy. Evaluation of internuclear distance from moment of inertia- problems. Criterion for absorption of radiation - selection rule. Application of microwave spectroscopy.

Vibrational Spectroscopy : Expression for potential energy of simple harmonic oscillator–Hooke’s law. Expression for vibrational energy. Zero point energy. Concept of force constant-its evaluation-problems. Degrees of freedom-modes of vibration for CO₂ and H₂O molecules. Vibration - rotation spectra PQR bands.

Raman Spectroscopy : Concept of Polarisability. Raman spectra-qualitative study. Stokes and anti-Stokes lines-selection rules. Advantages of Raman spectroscopy over IR spectroscopy.

Electronic spectroscopy: Potential energy curves for bonding and antibonding orbitals. Electronic transitions, qualitative description of σ, Π and non-bonding orbitals and transitions between them. Selection rules and Franck-Condon principle.

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy: NMR spectroscopy (Only principles to be discussed). ESR spectroscopy, NQR spectroscopy and Mossbaur spectroscopy. (Mention only) 

Consequences of light absorption: The Jablonski Diagram, Laws of photochemistry: Grotthuss-Draper law, Stark-Einstein law, Differences between photophysical and photochemical processes with examples. Comparison of photochemical and thermal reactions. 

Kinetics of photochemical reactions: (1) Kinetics of Hydrogen-Chlorine reaction (2) Kinetics of Hydrogen-Bromine reaction (4) Kinetics of dimerisation of anthracene.

Photosensitization, photostationary equilibrium. Singlet and triplet states-Fluorescence, Phosphorescence, Luminescence, Bioluminescence, chemical sensors.Beer-Lambert’s law: Absorption coefficient and molar extinction coefficient. Applications.Laser, classification and uses. Numericals based on relevant topics

Consequences of light absorption: The Jablonski Diagram, Laws of photochemistry: Grotthuss-Draper law, Stark-Einstein law, Differences between photophysical and photochemical processes with examples. Comparison of photochemical and thermal reactions. 

Kinetics of photochemical reactions: (1) Kinetics of Hydrogen-Chlorine reaction (2) Kinetics of Hydrogen-Bromine reaction (4) Kinetics of dimerisation of anthracene.

Photosensitization, photostationary equilibrium. Singlet and triplet states-Fluorescence, Phosphorescence, Luminescence, Bioluminescence, chemical sensors.Beer-Lambert’s law: Absorption coefficient and molar extinction coefficient. Applications.Laser, classification and uses. Numericals based on relevant topics

Consequences of light absorption: The Jablonski Diagram, Laws of photochemistry: Grotthuss-Draper law, Stark-Einstein law, Differences between photophysical and photochemical processes with examples. Comparison of photochemical and thermal reactions. 

Kinetics of photochemical reactions: (1) Kinetics of Hydrogen-Chlorine reaction (2) Kinetics of Hydrogen-Bromine reaction (4) Kinetics of dimerisation of anthracene.

Photosensitization, photostationary equilibrium. Singlet and triplet states-Fluorescence, Phosphorescence, Luminescence, Bioluminescence, chemical sensors.Beer-Lambert’s law: Absorption coefficient and molar extinction coefficient. Applications.Laser, classification and uses. Numericals based on relevant topics

Consequences of light absorption: The Jablonski Diagram, Laws of photochemistry: Grotthuss-Draper law, Stark-Einstein law, Differences between photophysical and photochemical processes with examples. Comparison of photochemical and thermal reactions. 

Kinetics of photochemical reactions: (1) Kinetics of Hydrogen-Chlorine reaction (2) Kinetics of Hydrogen-Bromine reaction (4) Kinetics of dimerisation of anthracene.

Photosensitization, photostationary equilibrium. Singlet and triplet states-Fluorescence, Phosphorescence, Luminescence, Bioluminescence, chemical sensors.Beer-Lambert’s law: Absorption coefficient and molar extinction coefficient. Applications.Laser, classification and uses. Numericals based on relevant topics

 B R Puri, L R Sharma and M.S. Patania., Principles of Physical Chemistry. Vishal Publishing Company, Jalandhar. 2011.

2. Castellan, G.W. Physical Chemistry 4th Ed. Narosa (2004).

3. P. W Atkins, Physical chemistry, 8th ed., Oxford University Press, 2006.

4. G. M. Barrow Physical chemistry, 5^th ed., Tata-Mc Graw Hill, 2006.

5. Glasstone Samuel,Textbook of Physical Chemistry. 2^nd ed. Mcmillan, 2007.

6. F Daniels and F.A Alberty. Physical Chemistry. 4^th ed. Wiley, 1996.

7. C. N. Banwell and E.M. Mccash, Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy, TMH  Edition, 2012.

 8. B R Puri, L R Sharma and M.S. Patania., Principles of Physical Chemistry. Vishal Publishing Company, Jalandhar. 2011.

Course Description: This course deals with various topics of determining reaction mechanisms, spectroscopy, chemistry of soaps, detergents and dyes. This course on stereochemistry intends to make the students understand different concepts of conformational analysis and optical isomerism.

Conformational analysis with respect to ethane, propane, butane, and cyclohexane. Interconversion of Wedge Formula, Newman, Sawhorse and Fischer representations. Difference between configuration and conformation.

Concept of isomerism, *types of isomerism, optical isomerism, elements of symmetry, molecular chirality, enantiomers, stereogenic centers, optical activity, properties of enantiomers, chiral and achiral molecules with two stereogenic centers, distereoisomers, mesocompounds, resolution of enantiomers, racemization. Optical activity in compounds not containing asymmetric Carbon- biphenyls, allenes.

Relative and absolute configurations, sequence rules, D & L, R & S systems of assigning configuration. Geometrical isomerism; Nomenclature by E and Z system.

Conformational analysis with respect to ethane, propane, butane, and cyclohexane. Interconversion of Wedge Formula, Newman, Sawhorse and Fischer representations. Difference between configuration and conformation.

Concept of isomerism, *types of isomerism, optical isomerism, elements of symmetry, molecular chirality, enantiomers, stereogenic centers, optical activity, properties of enantiomers, chiral and achiral molecules with two stereogenic centers, distereoisomers, mesocompounds, resolution of enantiomers, racemization. Optical activity in compounds not containing asymmetric Carbon- biphenyls, allenes.

Relative and absolute configurations, sequence rules, D & L, R & S systems of assigning configuration. Geometrical isomerism; Nomenclature by E and Z system.

Conformational analysis with respect to ethane, propane, butane, and cyclohexane. Interconversion of Wedge Formula, Newman, Sawhorse and Fischer representations. Difference between configuration and conformation.

Concept of isomerism, *types of isomerism, optical isomerism, elements of symmetry, molecular chirality, enantiomers, stereogenic centers, optical activity, properties of enantiomers, chiral and achiral molecules with two stereogenic centers, distereoisomers, mesocompounds, resolution of enantiomers, racemization. Optical activity in compounds not containing asymmetric Carbon- biphenyls, allenes.

Relative and absolute configurations, sequence rules, D & L, R & S systems of assigning configuration. Geometrical isomerism; Nomenclature by E and Z system.

Conformational analysis with respect to ethane, propane, butane, and cyclohexane. Interconversion of Wedge Formula, Newman, Sawhorse and Fischer representations. Difference between configuration and conformation.

Concept of isomerism, *types of isomerism, optical isomerism, elements of symmetry, molecular chirality, enantiomers, stereogenic centers, optical activity, properties of enantiomers, chiral and achiral molecules with two stereogenic centers, distereoisomers, mesocompounds, resolution of enantiomers, racemization. Optical activity in compounds not containing asymmetric Carbon- biphenyls, allenes.

Relative and absolute configurations, sequence rules, D & L, R & S systems of assigning configuration. Geometrical isomerism; Nomenclature by E and Z system.

Application of spectral techniques in the structural elucidation of organic compounds. UV-Vis: λmax calculation for dienes and α,β unsaturated carbonyl compounds - UV spectra of butadiene, acetone, methyl vinyl ketone and benzene.

IR: Concept of group frequencies - IR spectra of alcohols, phenols, amines, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters and amides.

1H NMR: Nuclear magnetic resonance.chemical shift (δ values), uses of TMS as reference. Nuclear shielding and deshielding effects.Equivalent and non-equivalent protons.Effect of electronegativity of adjacent atoms on chemical shift values.Spin-spin splitting and spin-spin coupling (qualitative treatment only). Applications of NMR spectroscopy including identification of simple organic molecules. Examples: Shielding and deshielding effects for (i) methane (ii) CH₃−Cl (iii) CH₂Cl₂ (iv) CHCl₃. Spin-spin coupling in (i) Cl₂CHCHO (ii) 1,1,2-trichloroethane (iii) CH₃CH₂Cl.

Mass Spectrometry: Introduction. EI ionisation. Determination of molecular mass by MS (elementary idea only – fragmentation study not required).

Application of spectral techniques in the structural elucidation of organic compounds. UV-Vis: λmax calculation for dienes and α,β unsaturated carbonyl compounds - UV spectra of butadiene, acetone, methyl vinyl ketone and benzene.

IR: Concept of group frequencies - IR spectra of alcohols, phenols, amines, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters and amides.

1H NMR: Nuclear magnetic resonance.chemical shift (δ values), uses of TMS as reference. Nuclear shielding and deshielding effects.Equivalent and non-equivalent protons.Effect of electronegativity of adjacent atoms on chemical shift values.Spin-spin splitting and spin-spin coupling (qualitative treatment only). Applications of NMR spectroscopy including identification of simple organic molecules. Examples: Shielding and deshielding effects for (i) methane (ii) CH₃−Cl (iii) CH₂Cl₂ (iv) CHCl₃. Spin-spin coupling in (i) Cl₂CHCHO (ii) 1,1,2-trichloroethane (iii) CH₃CH₂Cl.

Mass Spectrometry: Introduction. EI ionisation. Determination of molecular mass by MS (elementary idea only – fragmentation study not required).

Application of spectral techniques in the structural elucidation of organic compounds. UV-Vis: λmax calculation for dienes and α,β unsaturated carbonyl compounds - UV spectra of butadiene, acetone, methyl vinyl ketone and benzene.

IR: Concept of group frequencies - IR spectra of alcohols, phenols, amines, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters and amides.

1H NMR: Nuclear magnetic resonance.chemical shift (δ values), uses of TMS as reference. Nuclear shielding and deshielding effects.Equivalent and non-equivalent protons.Effect of electronegativity of adjacent atoms on chemical shift values.Spin-spin splitting and spin-spin coupling (qualitative treatment only). Applications of NMR spectroscopy including identification of simple organic molecules. Examples: Shielding and deshielding effects for (i) methane (ii) CH₃−Cl (iii) CH₂Cl₂ (iv) CHCl₃. Spin-spin coupling in (i) Cl₂CHCHO (ii) 1,1,2-trichloroethane (iii) CH₃CH₂Cl.

Mass Spectrometry: Introduction. EI ionisation. Determination of molecular mass by MS (elementary idea only – fragmentation study not required).

Application of spectral techniques in the structural elucidation of organic compounds. UV-Vis: λmax calculation for dienes and α,β unsaturated carbonyl compounds - UV spectra of butadiene, acetone, methyl vinyl ketone and benzene.

IR: Concept of group frequencies - IR spectra of alcohols, phenols, amines, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters and amides.

1H NMR: Nuclear magnetic resonance.chemical shift (δ values), uses of TMS as reference. Nuclear shielding and deshielding effects.Equivalent and non-equivalent protons.Effect of electronegativity of adjacent atoms on chemical shift values.Spin-spin splitting and spin-spin coupling (qualitative treatment only). Applications of NMR spectroscopy including identification of simple organic molecules. Examples: Shielding and deshielding effects for (i) methane (ii) CH₃−Cl (iii) CH₂Cl₂ (iv) CHCl₃. Spin-spin coupling in (i) Cl₂CHCHO (ii) 1,1,2-trichloroethane (iii) CH₃CH₂Cl.

Mass Spectrometry: Introduction. EI ionisation. Determination of molecular mass by MS (elementary idea only – fragmentation study not required).

Guidelines for proposing a reasonable mechanism, product studies, bonds broken and formed, inter and intramolecular migration of groups, crossover experiments, exchange with solvents, importance of byproducts, reactive intermediates, energetics, importance of activation parameters. Isotopic substitution in a molecule, primary and secondary kinetic isotope effects - their importance in mechanistic studies.

Guidelines for proposing a reasonable mechanism, product studies, bonds broken and formed, inter and intramolecular migration of groups, crossover experiments, exchange with solvents, importance of byproducts, reactive intermediates, energetics, importance of activation parameters. Isotopic substitution in a molecule, primary and secondary kinetic isotope effects - their importance in mechanistic studies.

Guidelines for proposing a reasonable mechanism, product studies, bonds broken and formed, inter and intramolecular migration of groups, crossover experiments, exchange with solvents, importance of byproducts, reactive intermediates, energetics, importance of activation parameters. Isotopic substitution in a molecule, primary and secondary kinetic isotope effects - their importance in mechanistic studies.

Guidelines for proposing a reasonable mechanism, product studies, bonds broken and formed, inter and intramolecular migration of groups, crossover experiments, exchange with solvents, importance of byproducts, reactive intermediates, energetics, importance of activation parameters. Isotopic substitution in a molecule, primary and secondary kinetic isotope effects - their importance in mechanistic studies.

Theories of colour and chemical constitution. Classification of dyes – according to chemical constitution and method of application. Natural and synthetic dyes. Synthesis and applications of: Azo dyes – Methyl orange; Triphenyl methane dyes - Malachite green and Rosaniline; Edible dyes (Food colours) with examples.

Theories of colour and chemical constitution. Classification of dyes – according to chemical constitution and method of application. Natural and synthetic dyes. Synthesis and applications of: Azo dyes – Methyl orange; Triphenyl methane dyes - Malachite green and Rosaniline; Edible dyes (Food colours) with examples.

Theories of colour and chemical constitution. Classification of dyes – according to chemical constitution and method of application. Natural and synthetic dyes. Synthesis and applications of: Azo dyes – Methyl orange; Triphenyl methane dyes - Malachite green and Rosaniline; Edible dyes (Food colours) with examples.

Theories of colour and chemical constitution. Classification of dyes – according to chemical constitution and method of application. Natural and synthetic dyes. Synthesis and applications of: Azo dyes – Methyl orange; Triphenyl methane dyes - Malachite green and Rosaniline; Edible dyes (Food colours) with examples.

Soaps – Introduction. Types of soaps - Toilet soaps, washing soaps. Liquid soap. TFM and grades of soaps. Bathing bars. Cleansing action of soap. Detergents - Introduction. Types of detergents - anionic, cationic, non-ionic and amphoteric detergents. Common detergent additives. Enzymes used in commercial detergents. Comparison between soaps and detergents. Environmental aspects

Soaps – Introduction. Types of soaps - Toilet soaps, washing soaps. Liquid soap. TFM and grades of soaps. Bathing bars. Cleansing action of soap. Detergents - Introduction. Types of detergents - anionic, cationic, non-ionic and amphoteric detergents. Common detergent additives. Enzymes used in commercial detergents. Comparison between soaps and detergents. Environmental aspects

Soaps – Introduction. Types of soaps - Toilet soaps, washing soaps. Liquid soap. TFM and grades of soaps. Bathing bars. Cleansing action of soap. Detergents - Introduction. Types of detergents - anionic, cationic, non-ionic and amphoteric detergents. Common detergent additives. Enzymes used in commercial detergents. Comparison between soaps and detergents. Environmental aspects

Soaps – Introduction. Types of soaps - Toilet soaps, washing soaps. Liquid soap. TFM and grades of soaps. Bathing bars. Cleansing action of soap. Detergents - Introduction. Types of detergents - anionic, cationic, non-ionic and amphoteric detergents. Common detergent additives. Enzymes used in commercial detergents. Comparison between soaps and detergents. Environmental aspects

Introduction – meaning of research. Types of research, research methods vs methodology. Scientific method of conducting research. Review of literature. Selecting and defining a problem. Science journals.  Impact factor, citation and citation index. Indexing agencies (Scopus, Web of Science), Research proposals

Introduction – meaning of research. Types of research, research methods vs methodology. Scientific method of conducting research. Review of literature. Selecting and defining a problem. Science journals.  Impact factor, citation and citation index. Indexing agencies (Scopus, Web of Science), Research proposals

Introduction – meaning of research. Types of research, research methods vs methodology. Scientific method of conducting research. Review of literature. Selecting and defining a problem. Science journals.  Impact factor, citation and citation index. Indexing agencies (Scopus, Web of Science), Research proposals

Introduction – meaning of research. Types of research, research methods vs methodology. Scientific method of conducting research. Review of literature. Selecting and defining a problem. Science journals.  Impact factor, citation and citation index. Indexing agencies (Scopus, Web of Science), Research proposals

     1^st Edition 2010.                                              

[2] Ashutosh, K., Chemistry of natural products Vol. II, CBS Publications & Distributors 1^st Edition 2012.

[3] Bhat, S., Nagasampagi B., Sivakumar M., Chemistry of natural productsNarosa Publishing House New Delhi 2005.

[4] Ahluwalia, V. K. Heterocyclic Chemistry, Narosa Publishing House New Delhi, 2016.

[5]Bahl, A. & Bahl, B.S. Advanced Organic Chemistry, S. Chand, 2010.

[6]B. Mehta, M. Mehta, Organic Chemistry, PHI Learning Private Limited, 2017.

[2]  I. L Finar, Organic Chemistry Vol. II, 5^thed. New Delhi: ELBS and Longman Ltd., reprint 2008.

[3]  Jain and Sharma Modern Organic Chemistry 3^rd edition, Vishal Publishing Company, 2009.

[4]  R. T Morrison, and R. N. Boyd.Organic Chemistry. 7^thed. New Delhi: Prentice-Hall of India (P) Ltd., 2010.

[5]   Katritzky, A. R. Handbook of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 3^rd addition, 2010.

[6]  Agrawal, O. P. Chemistry of Natural products vol I & II, 41^st addition, 2014.

This course will introduce the students to concepts and applications of bioinorganic chemistry, nanomaterials, organometallic chemistry, industrial catalysis, inorganic polymers, metal clusters, sustainability, and climate change.

Metal ions in biological systems,  Ion transport, Mechanism of action of sodium potassium pump.  Oxygen transport systems- Metalloporphyrins - Haemoglobin and myoglobin, pH of blood,.

Metal storage and transport –ferritin and transferrin, Electron transfer proteins-cytochromes,

Chlorophyll and photosynthesis (mechanism not expected), Metalloproteins as enzymes – Carbonic anhydrase, Carboxy peptidase, cytochrome P 450, alcohol dehydrogenase,.  

Toxicity of metal ions-Pb, Hg and As. Anticancer drugs: Cis-platin, oxaliplatin and carboplatin – Structure and significance. 

Metal ions in biological systems,  Ion transport, Mechanism of action of sodium potassium pump.  Oxygen transport systems- Metalloporphyrins - Haemoglobin and myoglobin, pH of blood,.

Metal storage and transport –ferritin and transferrin, Electron transfer proteins-cytochromes,

Chlorophyll and photosynthesis (mechanism not expected), Metalloproteins as enzymes – Carbonic anhydrase, Carboxy peptidase, cytochrome P 450, alcohol dehydrogenase,.  

Toxicity of metal ions-Pb, Hg and As. Anticancer drugs: Cis-platin, oxaliplatin and carboplatin – Structure and significance. 

Metal ions in biological systems,  Ion transport, Mechanism of action of sodium potassium pump.  Oxygen transport systems- Metalloporphyrins - Haemoglobin and myoglobin, pH of blood,.

Metal storage and transport –ferritin and transferrin, Electron transfer proteins-cytochromes,

Chlorophyll and photosynthesis (mechanism not expected), Metalloproteins as enzymes – Carbonic anhydrase, Carboxy peptidase, cytochrome P 450, alcohol dehydrogenase,.  

Toxicity of metal ions-Pb, Hg and As. Anticancer drugs: Cis-platin, oxaliplatin and carboplatin – Structure and significance. 

Metal ions in biological systems,  Ion transport, Mechanism of action of sodium potassium pump.  Oxygen transport systems- Metalloporphyrins - Haemoglobin and myoglobin, pH of blood,.

Metal storage and transport –ferritin and transferrin, Electron transfer proteins-cytochromes,

Chlorophyll and photosynthesis (mechanism not expected), Metalloproteins as enzymes – Carbonic anhydrase, Carboxy peptidase, cytochrome P 450, alcohol dehydrogenase,.  

Toxicity of metal ions-Pb, Hg and As. Anticancer drugs: Cis-platin, oxaliplatin and carboplatin – Structure and significance. 

Ligands, classification, hapticity.

Eighteen electron rule for organometallic com complexes, Synthesis and structure and bonding (VBT only) a) K [ Pt Cl₃(-C₂H₄ ) ] ,  [Fe (-C₆H₅)₂] , [Cr(-C₆H₅ )₂], [W (CH₃)₆ ].  b) Metal carbonyls :- Ni (CO)₄ , Fe (CO)₅ , Cr (CO)₆ , Co₂(CO)₈  , Mn₂ (CO)₁₀ .Ferrocene

Catalysis by organometallic compounds-Unique properties of Organo Aluminium compounds. Zeigler Natta catalyst in the polymerization of alkene, Wilkinson catalyst in the hydrogenation of alkene, Wacker process, Monsanto acetic acid process. (mechanism not expected).

Ligands, classification, hapticity.

Eighteen electron rule for organometallic com complexes, Synthesis and structure and bonding (VBT only) a) K [ Pt Cl₃(-C₂H₄ ) ] ,  [Fe (-C₆H₅)₂] , [Cr(-C₆H₅ )₂], [W (CH₃)₆ ].  b) Metal carbonyls :- Ni (CO)₄ , Fe (CO)₅ , Cr (CO)₆ , Co₂(CO)₈  , Mn₂ (CO)₁₀ .Ferrocene

Catalysis by organometallic compounds-Unique properties of Organo Aluminium compounds. Zeigler Natta catalyst in the polymerization of alkene, Wilkinson catalyst in the hydrogenation of alkene, Wacker process, Monsanto acetic acid process. (mechanism not expected).

Ligands, classification, hapticity.

Eighteen electron rule for organometallic com complexes, Synthesis and structure and bonding (VBT only) a) K [ Pt Cl₃(-C₂H₄ ) ] ,  [Fe (-C₆H₅)₂] , [Cr(-C₆H₅ )₂], [W (CH₃)₆ ].  b) Metal carbonyls :- Ni (CO)₄ , Fe (CO)₅ , Cr (CO)₆ , Co₂(CO)₈  , Mn₂ (CO)₁₀ .Ferrocene

Catalysis by organometallic compounds-Unique properties of Organo Aluminium compounds. Zeigler Natta catalyst in the polymerization of alkene, Wilkinson catalyst in the hydrogenation of alkene, Wacker process, Monsanto acetic acid process. (mechanism not expected).

Ligands, classification, hapticity.

Eighteen electron rule for organometallic com complexes, Synthesis and structure and bonding (VBT only) a) K [ Pt Cl₃(-C₂H₄ ) ] ,  [Fe (-C₆H₅)₂] , [Cr(-C₆H₅ )₂], [W (CH₃)₆ ].  b) Metal carbonyls :- Ni (CO)₄ , Fe (CO)₅ , Cr (CO)₆ , Co₂(CO)₈  , Mn₂ (CO)₁₀ .Ferrocene

Catalysis by organometallic compounds-Unique properties of Organo Aluminium compounds. Zeigler Natta catalyst in the polymerization of alkene, Wilkinson catalyst in the hydrogenation of alkene, Wacker process, Monsanto acetic acid process. (mechanism not expected).

Prelearning: Concept of acidity and basicity. Arrheinus concept, Lewis concept

Lowry – Bronsted concept of acids and bases. relative strengths of acid base pairs, Lux Flood concept,  Solvent system concept, Limitations, relative strength of acids and bases. explanation of levelling effect on the basis of solvent system concept.

Hard and soft acids and bases- Pearson concept, application of HSAB principles – Stability of compounds / complexes, predicting the feasibility of a reaction.

Prelearning: Concept of acidity and basicity. Arrheinus concept, Lewis concept

Lowry – Bronsted concept of acids and bases. relative strengths of acid base pairs, Lux Flood concept,  Solvent system concept, Limitations, relative strength of acids and bases. explanation of levelling effect on the basis of solvent system concept.

Hard and soft acids and bases- Pearson concept, application of HSAB principles – Stability of compounds / complexes, predicting the feasibility of a reaction.

Prelearning: Concept of acidity and basicity. Arrheinus concept, Lewis concept

Lowry – Bronsted concept of acids and bases. relative strengths of acid base pairs, Lux Flood concept,  Solvent system concept, Limitations, relative strength of acids and bases. explanation of levelling effect on the basis of solvent system concept.

Hard and soft acids and bases- Pearson concept, application of HSAB principles – Stability of compounds / complexes, predicting the feasibility of a reaction.

Prelearning: Concept of acidity and basicity. Arrheinus concept, Lewis concept

Lowry – Bronsted concept of acids and bases. relative strengths of acid base pairs, Lux Flood concept,  Solvent system concept, Limitations, relative strength of acids and bases. explanation of levelling effect on the basis of solvent system concept.

Hard and soft acids and bases- Pearson concept, application of HSAB principles – Stability of compounds / complexes, predicting the feasibility of a reaction.

Pre learning: N/P ratio, curves, stability belts.  Nuclear binding energy. Mass defect, simple calculations involving mass defect and B.E per nucleon, half-life.

Nuclear fission-Liquid drop model, Modes of release of fission energy

nuclear reactors - Thermal and fast breeder breeder reactors, Disposal of radioactive waste from nuclear reactors,

Nuclear fusion- thermonuclear reaction-energy source of the sun and stars.  

Radioactive tracers- use of radio isotopes in tracer technique, agriculture, medicine, food preservation and Carbon dating

Artificial radioactivity, Induced radioactivity, Q value of nuclear reactions -Numerical problems.

 Atomic energy programme in India. ^**Case studies on Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear disaster.

Pre learning: N/P ratio, curves, stability belts.  Nuclear binding energy. Mass defect, simple calculations involving mass defect and B.E per nucleon, half-life.

Nuclear fission-Liquid drop model, Modes of release of fission energy

nuclear reactors - Thermal and fast breeder breeder reactors, Disposal of radioactive waste from nuclear reactors,

Nuclear fusion- thermonuclear reaction-energy source of the sun and stars.  

Radioactive tracers- use of radio isotopes in tracer technique, agriculture, medicine, food preservation and Carbon dating

Artificial radioactivity, Induced radioactivity, Q value of nuclear reactions -Numerical problems.

 Atomic energy programme in India. ^**Case studies on Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear disaster.

Pre learning: N/P ratio, curves, stability belts.  Nuclear binding energy. Mass defect, simple calculations involving mass defect and B.E per nucleon, half-life.

Nuclear fission-Liquid drop model, Modes of release of fission energy

nuclear reactors - Thermal and fast breeder breeder reactors, Disposal of radioactive waste from nuclear reactors,

Nuclear fusion- thermonuclear reaction-energy source of the sun and stars.  

Radioactive tracers- use of radio isotopes in tracer technique, agriculture, medicine, food preservation and Carbon dating

Artificial radioactivity, Induced radioactivity, Q value of nuclear reactions -Numerical problems.

 Atomic energy programme in India. ^**Case studies on Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear disaster.

Pre learning: N/P ratio, curves, stability belts.  Nuclear binding energy. Mass defect, simple calculations involving mass defect and B.E per nucleon, half-life.

Nuclear fission-Liquid drop model, Modes of release of fission energy

nuclear reactors - Thermal and fast breeder breeder reactors, Disposal of radioactive waste from nuclear reactors,

Nuclear fusion- thermonuclear reaction-energy source of the sun and stars.  

Radioactive tracers- use of radio isotopes in tracer technique, agriculture, medicine, food preservation and Carbon dating

Artificial radioactivity, Induced radioactivity, Q value of nuclear reactions -Numerical problems.

 Atomic energy programme in India. ^**Case studies on Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear disaster.

Introduction, definition of sustainability in different context, environmental sustainability renewable sources of energy

 Hazard Mitigation: Identification of hazard prone belts, hazard zonation and risk assessment; risk reduction in vulnerable areas, developing warning systems, forecasting, emergency preparedness, education and training activities, planning for rescue and relief work.

Disaster management: - Industrial disasters: definition of   disaster management; components of disaster management cycle- crisis management & risk management. Crisis management-quick response & relief, recovery, development. Risk management- risk identification & risk reduction-preparedness, prevention and mitigation.

Climate Change                                                                                              

Anthropogenic–based climate change, Global Warming, Carbon Dioxide, Polar Ice Caps, ozone layer depletion, impact on biodiversity, Biofuels, Solar Power, case studies on climate change.

Introduction, definition of sustainability in different context, environmental sustainability renewable sources of energy

 Hazard Mitigation: Identification of hazard prone belts, hazard zonation and risk assessment; risk reduction in vulnerable areas, developing warning systems, forecasting, emergency preparedness, education and training activities, planning for rescue and relief work.

Disaster management: - Industrial disasters: definition of   disaster management; components of disaster management cycle- crisis management & risk management. Crisis management-quick response & relief, recovery, development. Risk management- risk identification & risk reduction-preparedness, prevention and mitigation.

Climate Change                                                                                              

Anthropogenic–based climate change, Global Warming, Carbon Dioxide, Polar Ice Caps, ozone layer depletion, impact on biodiversity, Biofuels, Solar Power, case studies on climate change.

Introduction, definition of sustainability in different context, environmental sustainability renewable sources of energy

 Hazard Mitigation: Identification of hazard prone belts, hazard zonation and risk assessment; risk reduction in vulnerable areas, developing warning systems, forecasting, emergency preparedness, education and training activities, planning for rescue and relief work.

Disaster management: - Industrial disasters: definition of   disaster management; components of disaster management cycle- crisis management & risk management. Crisis management-quick response & relief, recovery, development. Risk management- risk identification & risk reduction-preparedness, prevention and mitigation.

Climate Change                                                                                              

Anthropogenic–based climate change, Global Warming, Carbon Dioxide, Polar Ice Caps, ozone layer depletion, impact on biodiversity, Biofuels, Solar Power, case studies on climate change.

Introduction, definition of sustainability in different context, environmental sustainability renewable sources of energy

 Hazard Mitigation: Identification of hazard prone belts, hazard zonation and risk assessment; risk reduction in vulnerable areas, developing warning systems, forecasting, emergency preparedness, education and training activities, planning for rescue and relief work.

Disaster management: - Industrial disasters: definition of   disaster management; components of disaster management cycle- crisis management & risk management. Crisis management-quick response & relief, recovery, development. Risk management- risk identification & risk reduction-preparedness, prevention and mitigation.

Climate Change                                                                                              

Anthropogenic–based climate change, Global Warming, Carbon Dioxide, Polar Ice Caps, ozone layer depletion, impact on biodiversity, Biofuels, Solar Power, case studies on climate change.

Introduction – meaning of research. Types of research, research methods vs methodology. Scientific method of conducting research. Review of literature. Selecting and defining a problem. Science journals.  Impact factor, citation and citation index. Indexing agencies (Scopus, Web of Science), Research proposals

Introduction – meaning of research. Types of research, research methods vs methodology. Scientific method of conducting research. Review of literature. Selecting and defining a problem. Science journals.  Impact factor, citation and citation index. Indexing agencies (Scopus, Web of Science), Research proposals

Introduction – meaning of research. Types of research, research methods vs methodology. Scientific method of conducting research. Review of literature. Selecting and defining a problem. Science journals.  Impact factor, citation and citation index. Indexing agencies (Scopus, Web of Science), Research proposals

Introduction – meaning of research. Types of research, research methods vs methodology. Scientific method of conducting research. Review of literature. Selecting and defining a problem. Science journals.  Impact factor, citation and citation index. Indexing agencies (Scopus, Web of Science), Research proposals

This course introduces the students to various experiments on electrochemistry, chemical kinetics and thermometry. It also emphasizes the importance of organized and systematic approach in carrying out experiments.

1.       Determination of the equivalent conductivity of 0.1 N NaCl

2.       Determination of the dissociation constant of monochloracetic acid by conductivity method

3.       Determination of the distribution coefficient of benzoic acid between water and toluene.

4.       Determination of the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt (AgCl)  by conductivity method.

5.       Determination of the percentage of NaCl by miscibility temperature method. 

6.       Determination of Cu in aluminum and zinc based alloys using flame photometer.

7.       Determination of potassium using flame photometer.

8.       Determination of transition temperature of a salt hydrate by thermometric method

9.       Determination of equivalent conductance, degree of dissociation and dissociation

constant of a weak acid.

11. Conductometric titration:

i)Strong acid vs. strong base

      ii)Mixture of strong acid and weak acid vs. strong base.

ii)Weak acid vs. strong base

12. Potentiometry

a) Strong acid vs. strong base

b) Weak acid vs. strong base

c) Potassium dichromate vs. Mohr's salt

13. Ionic equilibria and pH measurements

a) Preparation of buffer solutions, determination of pH and comparison of the values with theoretical values.

(i) Sodium acetate-acetic acid

(ii) Ammonium chloride-ammonium hydroxide

b) Measurement of pH of different solutions like aerated drinks, fruit juices, shampoos and soaps (use dilute solutions of soaps and shampoos to prevent damage to the glass electrode) using pH-meter.

14. Adsorption study

a.       Verification of Lanmuir adsorption isotherm

b.       Verification of Frendlich adsorption isotherm

1.       Determination of the equivalent conductivity of 0.1 N NaCl

2.       Determination of the dissociation constant of monochloracetic acid by conductivity method

3.       Determination of the distribution coefficient of benzoic acid between water and toluene.

4.       Determination of the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt (AgCl)  by conductivity method.

5.       Determination of the percentage of NaCl by miscibility temperature method. 

6.       Determination of Cu in aluminum and zinc based alloys using flame photometer.

7.       Determination of potassium using flame photometer.

8.       Determination of transition temperature of a salt hydrate by thermometric method

9.       Determination of equivalent conductance, degree of dissociation and dissociation

constant of a weak acid.

11. Conductometric titration:

i)Strong acid vs. strong base

      ii)Mixture of strong acid and weak acid vs. strong base.

ii)Weak acid vs. strong base

12. Potentiometry

a) Strong acid vs. strong base

b) Weak acid vs. strong base

c) Potassium dichromate vs. Mohr's salt

13. Ionic equilibria and pH measurements

a) Preparation of buffer solutions, determination of pH and comparison of the values with theoretical values.

(i) Sodium acetate-acetic acid

(ii) Ammonium chloride-ammonium hydroxide

b) Measurement of pH of different solutions like aerated drinks, fruit juices, shampoos and soaps (use dilute solutions of soaps and shampoos to prevent damage to the glass electrode) using pH-meter.

14. Adsorption study

a.       Verification of Lanmuir adsorption isotherm

b.       Verification of Frendlich adsorption isotherm

1.       Determination of the equivalent conductivity of 0.1 N NaCl

2.       Determination of the dissociation constant of monochloracetic acid by conductivity method

3.       Determination of the distribution coefficient of benzoic acid between water and toluene.

4.       Determination of the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt (AgCl)  by conductivity method.

5.       Determination of the percentage of NaCl by miscibility temperature method. 

6.       Determination of Cu in aluminum and zinc based alloys using flame photometer.

7.       Determination of potassium using flame photometer.

8.       Determination of transition temperature of a salt hydrate by thermometric method

9.       Determination of equivalent conductance, degree of dissociation and dissociation

constant of a weak acid.

11. Conductometric titration:

i)Strong acid vs. strong base

      ii)Mixture of strong acid and weak acid vs. strong base.

ii)Weak acid vs. strong base

12. Potentiometry

a) Strong acid vs. strong base

b) Weak acid vs. strong base

c) Potassium dichromate vs. Mohr's salt

13. Ionic equilibria and pH measurements

a) Preparation of buffer solutions, determination of pH and comparison of the values with theoretical values.

(i) Sodium acetate-acetic acid

(ii) Ammonium chloride-ammonium hydroxide

b) Measurement of pH of different solutions like aerated drinks, fruit juices, shampoos and soaps (use dilute solutions of soaps and shampoos to prevent damage to the glass electrode) using pH-meter.

14. Adsorption study

a.       Verification of Lanmuir adsorption isotherm

b.       Verification of Frendlich adsorption isotherm

1.       Determination of the equivalent conductivity of 0.1 N NaCl

2.       Determination of the dissociation constant of monochloracetic acid by conductivity method

3.       Determination of the distribution coefficient of benzoic acid between water and toluene.

4.       Determination of the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt (AgCl)  by conductivity method.

5.       Determination of the percentage of NaCl by miscibility temperature method. 

6.       Determination of Cu in aluminum and zinc based alloys using flame photometer.

7.       Determination of potassium using flame photometer.

8.       Determination of transition temperature of a salt hydrate by thermometric method

9.       Determination of equivalent conductance, degree of dissociation and dissociation

constant of a weak acid.

11. Conductometric titration:

i)Strong acid vs. strong base

      ii)Mixture of strong acid and weak acid vs. strong base.

ii)Weak acid vs. strong base

12. Potentiometry

a) Strong acid vs. strong base

b) Weak acid vs. strong base

c) Potassium dichromate vs. Mohr's salt

13. Ionic equilibria and pH measurements

a) Preparation of buffer solutions, determination of pH and comparison of the values with theoretical values.

(i) Sodium acetate-acetic acid

(ii) Ammonium chloride-ammonium hydroxide

b) Measurement of pH of different solutions like aerated drinks, fruit juices, shampoos and soaps (use dilute solutions of soaps and shampoos to prevent damage to the glass electrode) using pH-meter.

14. Adsorption study

a.       Verification of Lanmuir adsorption isotherm

b.       Verification of Frendlich adsorption isotherm

[2] J.B. Yadav, Advanced practical chemistry by Krishna prakashan media (p) ltd,,29^th ed. Meerut, 2010. 

[4] P.W Atkins, Physical chemistry,8^th  ed., Oxford University Press, 2006 

[5] G.M. Barrow Physical chemistry, 5^th ed.,tata, Mc Graw Hill,2006

[6] Glasstone Samuel, Textbook of Physical Chemistry. 2^nd ed. Mcmillan, 2007.

[7] B.R. Puri, L.R. Sharma, M.S. Pathania, Principles of Physical ChemistryVishal     Publications, 2012

This course introduces the students to the preparation and purification techniques of organic compounds.  Systematic analysis of organic compounds is also included. It also emphasizes the importance of organized and systematic approach in carrying out experiments. 

I.  Preparations: Mechanism of various reactions involved to be discussed.

Recrystallisation, determination of melting point and calculation of quantitative yields to be done.

(a) Bromination of Phenol/Aniline

(b) Benzoylation of amines/phenols

(c) Oxime and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone of aldehyde/ketone

II Purification of organic compounds by crystallization (from water and alcohol) and  
distillation.

  Criteria of Purity: Determination of melting and boiling points.

   Detection of  N, S and halogens in organic compounds.

   Systematic Qualitative Organic Analysis of Organic Compounds possessing monofunctional groups     (-COOH, phenolic, aldehydic, ketonic, amide, nitro, amines) and preparation of one derivative.

I.  Preparations: Mechanism of various reactions involved to be discussed.

Recrystallisation, determination of melting point and calculation of quantitative yields to be done.

(a) Bromination of Phenol/Aniline

(b) Benzoylation of amines/phenols

(c) Oxime and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone of aldehyde/ketone

II Purification of organic compounds by crystallization (from water and alcohol) and  
distillation.

  Criteria of Purity: Determination of melting and boiling points.

   Detection of  N, S and halogens in organic compounds.

   Systematic Qualitative Organic Analysis of Organic Compounds possessing monofunctional groups     (-COOH, phenolic, aldehydic, ketonic, amide, nitro, amines) and preparation of one derivative.

I.  Preparations: Mechanism of various reactions involved to be discussed.

Recrystallisation, determination of melting point and calculation of quantitative yields to be done.

(a) Bromination of Phenol/Aniline

(b) Benzoylation of amines/phenols

(c) Oxime and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone of aldehyde/ketone

II Purification of organic compounds by crystallization (from water and alcohol) and  
distillation.

  Criteria of Purity: Determination of melting and boiling points.

   Detection of  N, S and halogens in organic compounds.

   Systematic Qualitative Organic Analysis of Organic Compounds possessing monofunctional groups     (-COOH, phenolic, aldehydic, ketonic, amide, nitro, amines) and preparation of one derivative.

I.  Preparations: Mechanism of various reactions involved to be discussed.

Recrystallisation, determination of melting point and calculation of quantitative yields to be done.

(a) Bromination of Phenol/Aniline

(b) Benzoylation of amines/phenols

(c) Oxime and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone of aldehyde/ketone

II Purification of organic compounds by crystallization (from water and alcohol) and  
distillation.

  Criteria of Purity: Determination of melting and boiling points.

   Detection of  N, S and halogens in organic compounds.

   Systematic Qualitative Organic Analysis of Organic Compounds possessing monofunctional groups     (-COOH, phenolic, aldehydic, ketonic, amide, nitro, amines) and preparation of one derivative.

. Synthesis of benzoic acid from toluene and its spectral analysis.

2. Synthesis of acetanilide from aniline and its spectral analysis.

3. Synthesis of tribromophenol from phenol and its spectral analysis.

4. Synthesis of aspirin from salicylic acid and its spectral analysis.

. Synthesis of benzoic acid from toluene and its spectral analysis.

2. Synthesis of acetanilide from aniline and its spectral analysis.

3. Synthesis of tribromophenol from phenol and its spectral analysis.

4. Synthesis of aspirin from salicylic acid and its spectral analysis.

. Synthesis of benzoic acid from toluene and its spectral analysis.

2. Synthesis of acetanilide from aniline and its spectral analysis.

3. Synthesis of tribromophenol from phenol and its spectral analysis.

4. Synthesis of aspirin from salicylic acid and its spectral analysis.

. Synthesis of benzoic acid from toluene and its spectral analysis.

2. Synthesis of acetanilide from aniline and its spectral analysis.

3. Synthesis of tribromophenol from phenol and its spectral analysis.

4. Synthesis of aspirin from salicylic acid and its spectral analysis.

1.  Continuous internal assessment of Practicals …………        20 Marks

2.  Mid-term practical Test …………………………………     20 Marks

3.  Record assessment ………………………………………                 10 Marks

4.  End-semester Practical examination …………………..        50 Marks

      (Viva voce –                          10 marks

      Performing experiment –    40 marks)      

TOTAL                                                 100 Marks

This practical course consists of experiments that are designed to reinforce the learning of the theory course Novel Inorganic Solids. Experiments are either based on Preparation of materials or estimation of samples.

1.Gravimetric estimation of amount of nickel present in a given solution as bis(dimethylglyoximato) nickel(II)

2. Gravimetric estimation of sulphate as BaSO 4

3. Gravimetric estimation of Ferric ions as ferric oxide

4. Gravimetric estimation of aluminium as oxinate in a given solution

5. Gravimetric estimation of magnesium as magnesium oxinate

6. Colorimetric estimation of ferrous ion using ortho-phenanthroline

7. Colorimetric estimation of copper as cuprammonium sulphate

8. Preparation of borax/ boric acid.

9. Determination of free acidity in ammonium sulphate fertilizer.

10. Estimation of calcium in calcium ammonium nitrate fertilizer.

1.Gravimetric estimation of amount of nickel present in a given solution as bis(dimethylglyoximato) nickel(II)

2. Gravimetric estimation of sulphate as BaSO 4

3. Gravimetric estimation of Ferric ions as ferric oxide

4. Gravimetric estimation of aluminium as oxinate in a given solution

5. Gravimetric estimation of magnesium as magnesium oxinate

6. Colorimetric estimation of ferrous ion using ortho-phenanthroline

7. Colorimetric estimation of copper as cuprammonium sulphate

8. Preparation of borax/ boric acid.

9. Determination of free acidity in ammonium sulphate fertilizer.

10. Estimation of calcium in calcium ammonium nitrate fertilizer.

1.Gravimetric estimation of amount of nickel present in a given solution as bis(dimethylglyoximato) nickel(II)

2. Gravimetric estimation of sulphate as BaSO 4

3. Gravimetric estimation of Ferric ions as ferric oxide

4. Gravimetric estimation of aluminium as oxinate in a given solution

5. Gravimetric estimation of magnesium as magnesium oxinate

6. Colorimetric estimation of ferrous ion using ortho-phenanthroline

7. Colorimetric estimation of copper as cuprammonium sulphate

8. Preparation of borax/ boric acid.

9. Determination of free acidity in ammonium sulphate fertilizer.

10. Estimation of calcium in calcium ammonium nitrate fertilizer.

1.Gravimetric estimation of amount of nickel present in a given solution as bis(dimethylglyoximato) nickel(II)

2. Gravimetric estimation of sulphate as BaSO 4

3. Gravimetric estimation of Ferric ions as ferric oxide

4. Gravimetric estimation of aluminium as oxinate in a given solution

5. Gravimetric estimation of magnesium as magnesium oxinate

6. Colorimetric estimation of ferrous ion using ortho-phenanthroline

7. Colorimetric estimation of copper as cuprammonium sulphate

8. Preparation of borax/ boric acid.

9. Determination of free acidity in ammonium sulphate fertilizer.

10. Estimation of calcium in calcium ammonium nitrate fertilizer.

2. Mid-term practical Test ………………………………… 20 Marks

3. Record assessment ……………………………………… 10 Marks

4. End-semester Practical examination ………………….. 50 Marks

(Viva voce – 10 marks

Performing experiment – 40 marks)

TOTAL 100 Marks

Course Description:

This course aims at developing the ability to write the mathematical proofs. It helps the students to understand and appreciate the beauty of the abstract nature of mathematics and also to develop a solid foundation of theoretical mathematics.

Course Objectives : This course will help the learner to

COBJ1. understand the theory of matrices, concepts in vector spaces and Linear Transformations.

COBJ2. gain problems solving skills in solving systems of equations using matrices, finding eigenvalues and eigenvectors, vector spaces and linear transformations.

Elementary row operations, rank, inverse of a matrix using row operations, Echelon forms, normal forms, system of homogeneous and non-homogeneous equations, Cayley Hamilton theorem, eigenvalues and eigenvectors, diagonalization of square matrices.

Elementary row operations, rank, inverse of a matrix using row operations, Echelon forms, normal forms, system of homogeneous and non-homogeneous equations, Cayley Hamilton theorem, eigenvalues and eigenvectors, diagonalization of square matrices.

Elementary row operations, rank, inverse of a matrix using row operations, Echelon forms, normal forms, system of homogeneous and non-homogeneous equations, Cayley Hamilton theorem, eigenvalues and eigenvectors, diagonalization of square matrices.

Elementary row operations, rank, inverse of a matrix using row operations, Echelon forms, normal forms, system of homogeneous and non-homogeneous equations, Cayley Hamilton theorem, eigenvalues and eigenvectors, diagonalization of square matrices.

Elementary row operations, rank, inverse of a matrix using row operations, Echelon forms, normal forms, system of homogeneous and non-homogeneous equations, Cayley Hamilton theorem, eigenvalues and eigenvectors, diagonalization of square matrices.

Elementary row operations, rank, inverse of a matrix using row operations, Echelon forms, normal forms, system of homogeneous and non-homogeneous equations, Cayley Hamilton theorem, eigenvalues and eigenvectors, diagonalization of square matrices.

Elementary row operations, rank, inverse of a matrix using row operations, Echelon forms, normal forms, system of homogeneous and non-homogeneous equations, Cayley Hamilton theorem, eigenvalues and eigenvectors, diagonalization of square matrices.

Vector space-examples and properties, subspaces-criterion for a subset to be a subspace, linear span of a set, linear combination, linear independent and dependent subsets, basis and dimensions, and standard properties.

Vector space-examples and properties, subspaces-criterion for a subset to be a subspace, linear span of a set, linear combination, linear independent and dependent subsets, basis and dimensions, and standard properties.

Vector space-examples and properties, subspaces-criterion for a subset to be a subspace, linear span of a set, linear combination, linear independent and dependent subsets, basis and dimensions, and standard properties.

Vector space-examples and properties, subspaces-criterion for a subset to be a subspace, linear span of a set, linear combination, linear independent and dependent subsets, basis and dimensions, and standard properties.

Vector space-examples and properties, subspaces-criterion for a subset to be a subspace, linear span of a set, linear combination, linear independent and dependent subsets, basis and dimensions, and standard properties.

Vector space-examples and properties, subspaces-criterion for a subset to be a subspace, linear span of a set, linear combination, linear independent and dependent subsets, basis and dimensions, and standard properties.

Vector space-examples and properties, subspaces-criterion for a subset to be a subspace, linear span of a set, linear combination, linear independent and dependent subsets, basis and dimensions, and standard properties.

Linear transformations, properties, matrix of a linear transformation, change of basis, range and kernel, rank and nullity, rank-nullity theorem, non-singular linear transformation, eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a linear transformation.

Linear transformations, properties, matrix of a linear transformation, change of basis, range and kernel, rank and nullity, rank-nullity theorem, non-singular linear transformation, eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a linear transformation.

Linear transformations, properties, matrix of a linear transformation, change of basis, range and kernel, rank and nullity, rank-nullity theorem, non-singular linear transformation, eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a linear transformation.

Linear transformations, properties, matrix of a linear transformation, change of basis, range and kernel, rank and nullity, rank-nullity theorem, non-singular linear transformation, eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a linear transformation.

Linear transformations, properties, matrix of a linear transformation, change of basis, range and kernel, rank and nullity, rank-nullity theorem, non-singular linear transformation, eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a linear transformation.

Linear transformations, properties, matrix of a linear transformation, change of basis, range and kernel, rank and nullity, rank-nullity theorem, non-singular linear transformation, eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a linear transformation.

Linear transformations, properties, matrix of a linear transformation, change of basis, range and kernel, rank and nullity, rank-nullity theorem, non-singular linear transformation, eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a linear transformation.

2. V. Krishnamurthy, V. P. Mainra, and J. L. Arora, An introduction to linear algebra. New Delhi, India: Affiliated East East-West Press Pvt Ltd., 2003.

2. S. Lang, Introduction to Linear Algebra, 2nd ed., New York: Springer-Verlag, 2005.

3. S. H. Friedberg, A. Insel, and L. Spence, Linear algebra, 4th ed., Pearson, 2015.

4. Gilbert Strang, Linear Algebra and its Applications, 4th ed., Thomson Brooks/Cole, 2007.

5. K. Hoffmann and R. A. Kunze, Linear algebra, 2nd ed., PHI Learning, 2014.

Course Description: This course aims at providing a solid foundation upon the fundamental theories on Fourier and Laplace transforms.

Course objectives​: This course will help the learner to

COBJ1. gain familiarity in fundamental theories of the Fourier series, Fourier Integrals, Fourier and Laplace transforms.
COBJ2. acquire problem solving skills in using Fourier Series, Fourier and Laplace transforms.

Fourier series and Fourier transform of some common functions. The Fourier integral, complex Fourier transforms, basic properties, transform of the derivative, convolution theorem, and Parseval’s identity. The applications of Fourier transform to ordinary differential equations.

Fourier series and Fourier transform of some common functions. The Fourier integral, complex Fourier transforms, basic properties, transform of the derivative, convolution theorem, and Parseval’s identity. The applications of Fourier transform to ordinary differential equations.

Fourier series and Fourier transform of some common functions. The Fourier integral, complex Fourier transforms, basic properties, transform of the derivative, convolution theorem, and Parseval’s identity. The applications of Fourier transform to ordinary differential equations.

Fourier series and Fourier transform of some common functions. The Fourier integral, complex Fourier transforms, basic properties, transform of the derivative, convolution theorem, and Parseval’s identity. The applications of Fourier transform to ordinary differential equations.

Fourier series and Fourier transform of some common functions. The Fourier integral, complex Fourier transforms, basic properties, transform of the derivative, convolution theorem, and Parseval’s identity. The applications of Fourier transform to ordinary differential equations.

Fourier cosine and sine transforms with examples, properties of Fourier Cosine and Sine Transforms, applications of Fourier sine and cosine transforms with examples.

Fourier cosine and sine transforms with examples, properties of Fourier Cosine and Sine Transforms, applications of Fourier sine and cosine transforms with examples.

Fourier cosine and sine transforms with examples, properties of Fourier Cosine and Sine Transforms, applications of Fourier sine and cosine transforms with examples.

Fourier cosine and sine transforms with examples, properties of Fourier Cosine and Sine Transforms, applications of Fourier sine and cosine transforms with examples.

Fourier cosine and sine transforms with examples, properties of Fourier Cosine and Sine Transforms, applications of Fourier sine and cosine transforms with examples.

Laplace Transform of standard functions, Laplace transform of periodic functions, Inverse Laplace transform, solution of ordinary differential equation with constant coefficient using Laplace transform, solution of simultaneous Ordinary differential equations.

Laplace Transform of standard functions, Laplace transform of periodic functions, Inverse Laplace transform, solution of ordinary differential equation with constant coefficient using Laplace transform, solution of simultaneous Ordinary differential equations.

Laplace Transform of standard functions, Laplace transform of periodic functions, Inverse Laplace transform, solution of ordinary differential equation with constant coefficient using Laplace transform, solution of simultaneous Ordinary differential equations.

Laplace Transform of standard functions, Laplace transform of periodic functions, Inverse Laplace transform, solution of ordinary differential equation with constant coefficient using Laplace transform, solution of simultaneous Ordinary differential equations.

Laplace Transform of standard functions, Laplace transform of periodic functions, Inverse Laplace transform, solution of ordinary differential equation with constant coefficient using Laplace transform, solution of simultaneous Ordinary differential equations.

Course Description: This course is concerned with the fundamentals of mathematical modeling. It deals with finding solution to real world problems by transforming into mathematical models using differential equations. The coverage includes mathematical modeling through first order, second order and system of ordinary differential equations.

 Course objectives​: This course will help the learner to

This course will help the learner to

COBJ1.  interpret the real-world problems in the form of first and second order differential equations. 

COBJ2.  familiarize with some classical linear and nonlinear models. 

COBJ3.  analyse the solutions of systems of differential equations by phase portrait method.

Population Dynamics, Carbon dating, Newtons law of cooling, Epidemics, Economics, Medicine, mixture problem, electric circuit problem, Chemical reactions, Terminal velocity, Continuously compounding of interest.

Population Dynamics, Carbon dating, Newtons law of cooling, Epidemics, Economics, Medicine, mixture problem, electric circuit problem, Chemical reactions, Terminal velocity, Continuously compounding of interest.

Population Dynamics, Carbon dating, Newtons law of cooling, Epidemics, Economics, Medicine, mixture problem, electric circuit problem, Chemical reactions, Terminal velocity, Continuously compounding of interest.

Population Dynamics, Carbon dating, Newtons law of cooling, Epidemics, Economics, Medicine, mixture problem, electric circuit problem, Chemical reactions, Terminal velocity, Continuously compounding of interest.

Population Dynamics, Carbon dating, Newtons law of cooling, Epidemics, Economics, Medicine, mixture problem, electric circuit problem, Chemical reactions, Terminal velocity, Continuously compounding of interest.

Population Dynamics, Carbon dating, Newtons law of cooling, Epidemics, Economics, Medicine, mixture problem, electric circuit problem, Chemical reactions, Terminal velocity, Continuously compounding of interest.

Population Dynamics, Carbon dating, Newtons law of cooling, Epidemics, Economics, Medicine, mixture problem, electric circuit problem, Chemical reactions, Terminal velocity, Continuously compounding of interest.

The vibrations of a mass on a spring, free damped motion, forced motion, resonance phenomena, electric circuit problem, Nonlinear-Pendulum.

The vibrations of a mass on a spring, free damped motion, forced motion, resonance phenomena, electric circuit problem, Nonlinear-Pendulum.

The vibrations of a mass on a spring, free damped motion, forced motion, resonance phenomena, electric circuit problem, Nonlinear-Pendulum.

The vibrations of a mass on a spring, free damped motion, forced motion, resonance phenomena, electric circuit problem, Nonlinear-Pendulum.

The vibrations of a mass on a spring, free damped motion, forced motion, resonance phenomena, electric circuit problem, Nonlinear-Pendulum.

The vibrations of a mass on a spring, free damped motion, forced motion, resonance phenomena, electric circuit problem, Nonlinear-Pendulum.

The vibrations of a mass on a spring, free damped motion, forced motion, resonance phenomena, electric circuit problem, Nonlinear-Pendulum.

Phase plane analysis: Phase Portrait for Linear and Non-Linear Systems, Stability Analysis of Solution, Applications, Predator prey model: Lotka-Volterra Model, Kermack-McKendrick Model, Predator-Prey Model and Harvesting Analysis, Competitive-Hunter Model, Combat models: Lanchester Model, Battle of IWO Jima, Battle of Vietnam, Battle of Trafalgar., Mixture Models, Epidemics-SIR model, Economics.

Phase plane analysis: Phase Portrait for Linear and Non-Linear Systems, Stability Analysis of Solution, Applications, Predator prey model: Lotka-Volterra Model, Kermack-McKendrick Model, Predator-Prey Model and Harvesting Analysis, Competitive-Hunter Model, Combat models: Lanchester Model, Battle of IWO Jima, Battle of Vietnam, Battle of Trafalgar., Mixture Models, Epidemics-SIR model, Economics.

Phase plane analysis: Phase Portrait for Linear and Non-Linear Systems, Stability Analysis of Solution, Applications, Predator prey model: Lotka-Volterra Model, Kermack-McKendrick Model, Predator-Prey Model and Harvesting Analysis, Competitive-Hunter Model, Combat models: Lanchester Model, Battle of IWO Jima, Battle of Vietnam, Battle of Trafalgar., Mixture Models, Epidemics-SIR model, Economics.

Phase plane analysis: Phase Portrait for Linear and Non-Linear Systems, Stability Analysis of Solution, Applications, Predator prey model: Lotka-Volterra Model, Kermack-McKendrick Model, Predator-Prey Model and Harvesting Analysis, Competitive-Hunter Model, Combat models: Lanchester Model, Battle of IWO Jima, Battle of Vietnam, Battle of Trafalgar., Mixture Models, Epidemics-SIR model, Economics.

Phase plane analysis: Phase Portrait for Linear and Non-Linear Systems, Stability Analysis of Solution, Applications, Predator prey model: Lotka-Volterra Model, Kermack-McKendrick Model, Predator-Prey Model and Harvesting Analysis, Competitive-Hunter Model, Combat models: Lanchester Model, Battle of IWO Jima, Battle of Vietnam, Battle of Trafalgar., Mixture Models, Epidemics-SIR model, Economics.

Phase plane analysis: Phase Portrait for Linear and Non-Linear Systems, Stability Analysis of Solution, Applications, Predator prey model: Lotka-Volterra Model, Kermack-McKendrick Model, Predator-Prey Model and Harvesting Analysis, Competitive-Hunter Model, Combat models: Lanchester Model, Battle of IWO Jima, Battle of Vietnam, Battle of Trafalgar., Mixture Models, Epidemics-SIR model, Economics.

Phase plane analysis: Phase Portrait for Linear and Non-Linear Systems, Stability Analysis of Solution, Applications, Predator prey model: Lotka-Volterra Model, Kermack-McKendrick Model, Predator-Prey Model and Harvesting Analysis, Competitive-Hunter Model, Combat models: Lanchester Model, Battle of IWO Jima, Battle of Vietnam, Battle of Trafalgar., Mixture Models, Epidemics-SIR model, Economics.

Course Description: This course is an introductory course to the basic concepts of Graph Theory. This includes a definition of graphs, types of graphs, paths, circuits, trees, shortest paths, and algorithms to find shortest paths.

Course objectives: This course will help the learner to

COBJ 1. gain conceptual knowledge on terminologies used in graph theory.

COBJ 2. understand the results on graphs and their properties.

COBJ 3. gain proof writing and algorithm writing skills.

Graphs, connected graphs, classes of graphs, regular graphs, degree sequences, matrices, isomorphic graphs.

Graphs, connected graphs, classes of graphs, regular graphs, degree sequences, matrices, isomorphic graphs.

Graphs, connected graphs, classes of graphs, regular graphs, degree sequences, matrices, isomorphic graphs.

Graphs, connected graphs, classes of graphs, regular graphs, degree sequences, matrices, isomorphic graphs.

Graphs, connected graphs, classes of graphs, regular graphs, degree sequences, matrices, isomorphic graphs.

Graphs, connected graphs, classes of graphs, regular graphs, degree sequences, matrices, isomorphic graphs.

Graphs, connected graphs, classes of graphs, regular graphs, degree sequences, matrices, isomorphic graphs.

Bridges, trees, minimum spanning trees, cut-vertices, blocks, traversability, Eulerian and Hamiltonian graphs, digraphs. 

Bridges, trees, minimum spanning trees, cut-vertices, blocks, traversability, Eulerian and Hamiltonian graphs, digraphs. 

Bridges, trees, minimum spanning trees, cut-vertices, blocks, traversability, Eulerian and Hamiltonian graphs, digraphs. 

Bridges, trees, minimum spanning trees, cut-vertices, blocks, traversability, Eulerian and Hamiltonian graphs, digraphs. 

Bridges, trees, minimum spanning trees, cut-vertices, blocks, traversability, Eulerian and Hamiltonian graphs, digraphs. 

Bridges, trees, minimum spanning trees, cut-vertices, blocks, traversability, Eulerian and Hamiltonian graphs, digraphs. 

Bridges, trees, minimum spanning trees, cut-vertices, blocks, traversability, Eulerian and Hamiltonian graphs, digraphs. 

Matching, factorizations, decompositions, graceful labeling, planar graphs, Embedding graphs on surfaces.

Matching, factorizations, decompositions, graceful labeling, planar graphs, Embedding graphs on surfaces.

Matching, factorizations, decompositions, graceful labeling, planar graphs, Embedding graphs on surfaces.

Matching, factorizations, decompositions, graceful labeling, planar graphs, Embedding graphs on surfaces.

Matching, factorizations, decompositions, graceful labeling, planar graphs, Embedding graphs on surfaces.

Matching, factorizations, decompositions, graceful labeling, planar graphs, Embedding graphs on surfaces.

Matching, factorizations, decompositions, graceful labeling, planar graphs, Embedding graphs on surfaces.

Course Description​: This course aims to enlighten students with the fundamental concepts of vectors, geometry of space, partial differentiation and vector analysis such as gradient, divergence, curl, and the evaluation of line, surface and volume integrals. The three classical theorems, viz., Green’s theorem, Gauss divergence theorem and Stoke’s theorem are also covered.

Course objectives​: This course will help the learner to 

COBJ 1. gain familiarity with the fundamental concepts of vectors and geometry of space  Curves.

COBJ 2. illustrates and interprets differential and integral calculus of vector fields 

COBJ 3. demonstrate the use Green’s Theorem, Stokes Theorem, and Gauss’ divergence Theorem

Fundamentals: Three-dimensional coordination systems, Vectors and vector operations, Line and planes in space, Curves in space and their tangents, Integrals of vector functions, Arc length in space, Curvature and normal vectors of a space, TNB frame, Directional derivatives and gradient  vectors, Divergence and curl of vector valued functions.

Fundamentals: Three-dimensional coordination systems, Vectors and vector operations, Line and planes in space, Curves in space and their tangents, Integrals of vector functions, Arc length in space, Curvature and normal vectors of a space, TNB frame, Directional derivatives and gradient  vectors, Divergence and curl of vector valued functions.

Fundamentals: Three-dimensional coordination systems, Vectors and vector operations, Line and planes in space, Curves in space and their tangents, Integrals of vector functions, Arc length in space, Curvature and normal vectors of a space, TNB frame, Directional derivatives and gradient  vectors, Divergence and curl of vector valued functions.

Fundamentals: Three-dimensional coordination systems, Vectors and vector operations, Line and planes in space, Curves in space and their tangents, Integrals of vector functions, Arc length in space, Curvature and normal vectors of a space, TNB frame, Directional derivatives and gradient  vectors, Divergence and curl of vector valued functions.

Fundamentals: Three-dimensional coordination systems, Vectors and vector operations, Line and planes in space, Curves in space and their tangents, Integrals of vector functions, Arc length in space, Curvature and normal vectors of a space, TNB frame, Directional derivatives and gradient  vectors, Divergence and curl of vector valued functions.

Double Integrals- Areas, Moments, and Centres of Mass – Double Integrals in Polar Form –Triple Integrals in Rectangular Coordinates, Masses and Moments in Three Dimensions, Triple Integrals in Cylindrical and Spherical Coordinates, Substitutions in Multiple Integrals.

Double Integrals- Areas, Moments, and Centres of Mass – Double Integrals in Polar Form –Triple Integrals in Rectangular Coordinates, Masses and Moments in Three Dimensions, Triple Integrals in Cylindrical and Spherical Coordinates, Substitutions in Multiple Integrals.

Double Integrals- Areas, Moments, and Centres of Mass – Double Integrals in Polar Form –Triple Integrals in Rectangular Coordinates, Masses and Moments in Three Dimensions, Triple Integrals in Cylindrical and Spherical Coordinates, Substitutions in Multiple Integrals.

Double Integrals- Areas, Moments, and Centres of Mass – Double Integrals in Polar Form –Triple Integrals in Rectangular Coordinates, Masses and Moments in Three Dimensions, Triple Integrals in Cylindrical and Spherical Coordinates, Substitutions in Multiple Integrals.

Double Integrals- Areas, Moments, and Centres of Mass – Double Integrals in Polar Form –Triple Integrals in Rectangular Coordinates, Masses and Moments in Three Dimensions, Triple Integrals in Cylindrical and Spherical Coordinates, Substitutions in Multiple Integrals.

Line Integrals, Vector Fields, Work, Circulation and Flux, Path Independence, Potential Functions, and Conservative Fields, Green’s Theorem in the Plane, Surface Area and Surface  Integrals, Parametrized Surfaces, Stokes’ Theorem, The Divergence Theorem.

Line Integrals, Vector Fields, Work, Circulation and Flux, Path Independence, Potential Functions, and Conservative Fields, Green’s Theorem in the Plane, Surface Area and Surface  Integrals, Parametrized Surfaces, Stokes’ Theorem, The Divergence Theorem.

Line Integrals, Vector Fields, Work, Circulation and Flux, Path Independence, Potential Functions, and Conservative Fields, Green’s Theorem in the Plane, Surface Area and Surface  Integrals, Parametrized Surfaces, Stokes’ Theorem, The Divergence Theorem.

Line Integrals, Vector Fields, Work, Circulation and Flux, Path Independence, Potential Functions, and Conservative Fields, Green’s Theorem in the Plane, Surface Area and Surface  Integrals, Parametrized Surfaces, Stokes’ Theorem, The Divergence Theorem.

Line Integrals, Vector Fields, Work, Circulation and Flux, Path Independence, Potential Functions, and Conservative Fields, Green’s Theorem in the Plane, Surface Area and Surface  Integrals, Parametrized Surfaces, Stokes’ Theorem, The Divergence Theorem.

Course description: Operations research deals with the problems on optimization or decision making that are affected by certain constraints / restrictions in the environment. This course aims at teaching solution techniques of solving linear programming models, simple queuing model, two-person zero sum games and Network models.

Course objectives: This course will help the learner to

COBJ1. gain an insight executing the algorithms for solving linear programming problems including transportation and assignment problems.

COBJ2. learn about the techniques involved in solving the two person zero sum game.

COBJ3. calculate the estimates that characteristics the queues and perform desired analysis on a network.

Introduction to simplex algorithm –Special cases in the Simplex Method –Definition of the Dual Problem – Primal Dual relationships – Dual simplex methods. Transportation Models: Determination of the starting solution – iterative computations of the transportation algorithm. Assignment Model: The Hungarian Method.

Introduction to simplex algorithm –Special cases in the Simplex Method –Definition of the Dual Problem – Primal Dual relationships – Dual simplex methods. Transportation Models: Determination of the starting solution – iterative computations of the transportation algorithm. Assignment Model: The Hungarian Method.

Introduction to simplex algorithm –Special cases in the Simplex Method –Definition of the Dual Problem – Primal Dual relationships – Dual simplex methods. Transportation Models: Determination of the starting solution – iterative computations of the transportation algorithm. Assignment Model: The Hungarian Method.

Introduction to simplex algorithm –Special cases in the Simplex Method –Definition of the Dual Problem – Primal Dual relationships – Dual simplex methods. Transportation Models: Determination of the starting solution – iterative computations of the transportation algorithm. Assignment Model: The Hungarian Method.

Introduction to simplex algorithm –Special cases in the Simplex Method –Definition of the Dual Problem – Primal Dual relationships – Dual simplex methods. Transportation Models: Determination of the starting solution – iterative computations of the transportation algorithm. Assignment Model: The Hungarian Method.

Introduction to simplex algorithm –Special cases in the Simplex Method –Definition of the Dual Problem – Primal Dual relationships – Dual simplex methods. Transportation Models: Determination of the starting solution – iterative computations of the transportation algorithm. Assignment Model: The Hungarian Method.

Introduction to simplex algorithm –Special cases in the Simplex Method –Definition of the Dual Problem – Primal Dual relationships – Dual simplex methods. Transportation Models: Determination of the starting solution – iterative computations of the transportation algorithm. Assignment Model: The Hungarian Method.

Elements of a queuing Model – Pure Birth Model – Pure Death Model –Specialized Poisson Queues – Steady state Models: (M/M/1):(GD/∞/∞) – (M/M/1):(FCFS/∞/∞) - (M/M/1):(GD/N/∞) – (M/M/c):(GD/∞/∞) –  (M/M/∞):(GD/∞/∞).

Game Theory: Optimal solution of two person zero-sum games – Solution of Mixed strategy Games (only Linear programming solution).

Elements of a queuing Model – Pure Birth Model – Pure Death Model –Specialized Poisson Queues – Steady state Models: (M/M/1):(GD/∞/∞) – (M/M/1):(FCFS/∞/∞) - (M/M/1):(GD/N/∞) – (M/M/c):(GD/∞/∞) –  (M/M/∞):(GD/∞/∞).

Game Theory: Optimal solution of two person zero-sum games – Solution of Mixed strategy Games (only Linear programming solution).

Elements of a queuing Model – Pure Birth Model – Pure Death Model –Specialized Poisson Queues – Steady state Models: (M/M/1):(GD/∞/∞) – (M/M/1):(FCFS/∞/∞) - (M/M/1):(GD/N/∞) – (M/M/c):(GD/∞/∞) –  (M/M/∞):(GD/∞/∞).

Game Theory: Optimal solution of two person zero-sum games – Solution of Mixed strategy Games (only Linear programming solution).

Elements of a queuing Model – Pure Birth Model – Pure Death Model –Specialized Poisson Queues – Steady state Models: (M/M/1):(GD/∞/∞) – (M/M/1):(FCFS/∞/∞) - (M/M/1):(GD/N/∞) – (M/M/c):(GD/∞/∞) –  (M/M/∞):(GD/∞/∞).

Game Theory: Optimal solution of two person zero-sum games – Solution of Mixed strategy Games (only Linear programming solution).

Elements of a queuing Model – Pure Birth Model – Pure Death Model –Specialized Poisson Queues – Steady state Models: (M/M/1):(GD/∞/∞) – (M/M/1):(FCFS/∞/∞) - (M/M/1):(GD/N/∞) – (M/M/c):(GD/∞/∞) –  (M/M/∞):(GD/∞/∞).

Game Theory: Optimal solution of two person zero-sum games – Solution of Mixed strategy Games (only Linear programming solution).

Elements of a queuing Model – Pure Birth Model – Pure Death Model –Specialized Poisson Queues – Steady state Models: (M/M/1):(GD/∞/∞) – (M/M/1):(FCFS/∞/∞) - (M/M/1):(GD/N/∞) – (M/M/c):(GD/∞/∞) –  (M/M/∞):(GD/∞/∞).

Game Theory: Optimal solution of two person zero-sum games – Solution of Mixed strategy Games (only Linear programming solution).

Elements of a queuing Model – Pure Birth Model – Pure Death Model –Specialized Poisson Queues – Steady state Models: (M/M/1):(GD/∞/∞) – (M/M/1):(FCFS/∞/∞) - (M/M/1):(GD/N/∞) – (M/M/c):(GD/∞/∞) –  (M/M/∞):(GD/∞/∞).

Game Theory: Optimal solution of two person zero-sum games – Solution of Mixed strategy Games (only Linear programming solution).

Linear programming formulation of the shortest-route Problem. Maximal Flow model:- Enumeration of cuts – Maximal Flow Algorithm – Linear Programming Formulation of Maximal Flow Model. CPM and PERT:- Network Representation – Critical path computations – Construction of the Time Schedule – Linear Programming formulation of CPM – PERT calculations.

Linear programming formulation of the shortest-route Problem. Maximal Flow model:- Enumeration of cuts – Maximal Flow Algorithm – Linear Programming Formulation of Maximal Flow Model. CPM and PERT:- Network Representation – Critical path computations – Construction of the Time Schedule – Linear Programming formulation of CPM – PERT calculations.

Linear programming formulation of the shortest-route Problem. Maximal Flow model:- Enumeration of cuts – Maximal Flow Algorithm – Linear Programming Formulation of Maximal Flow Model. CPM and PERT:- Network Representation – Critical path computations – Construction of the Time Schedule – Linear Programming formulation of CPM – PERT calculations.

Linear programming formulation of the shortest-route Problem. Maximal Flow model:- Enumeration of cuts – Maximal Flow Algorithm – Linear Programming Formulation of Maximal Flow Model. CPM and PERT:- Network Representation – Critical path computations – Construction of the Time Schedule – Linear Programming formulation of CPM – PERT calculations.

Linear programming formulation of the shortest-route Problem. Maximal Flow model:- Enumeration of cuts – Maximal Flow Algorithm – Linear Programming Formulation of Maximal Flow Model. CPM and PERT:- Network Representation – Critical path computations – Construction of the Time Schedule – Linear Programming formulation of CPM – PERT calculations.

Linear programming formulation of the shortest-route Problem. Maximal Flow model:- Enumeration of cuts – Maximal Flow Algorithm – Linear Programming Formulation of Maximal Flow Model. CPM and PERT:- Network Representation – Critical path computations – Construction of the Time Schedule – Linear Programming formulation of CPM – PERT calculations.

Linear programming formulation of the shortest-route Problem. Maximal Flow model:- Enumeration of cuts – Maximal Flow Algorithm – Linear Programming Formulation of Maximal Flow Model. CPM and PERT:- Network Representation – Critical path computations – Construction of the Time Schedule – Linear Programming formulation of CPM – PERT calculations.

Course description: This course aims at providing hands on experience in using Python functions to illustrate the notions vector space, linear independence, linear dependence, linear transformation and rank.

Course objectives: This course will help the learner to

COBJ1. The built in functions required to deal with vectors and Linear Transformations.

COBJ2. Python skills to handle vectors using the properties of vector spaces and linear transformations

1. Operations on matrices
2. Finding rank of matrices
   
3. Reducing a matrix to Echelon form
4. Inverse of a matrix by different methods
5. Solving system of equations using various methods
6. Finding eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a matrix
7. Expressing a vector as a linear combination of given set of vectors
8. Linear span, linear independence and linear dependence
9. Linear transformations and plotting of linear transformations
10. Applications of Rank-Nullity Theorem

1. Operations on matrices
2. Finding rank of matrices
   
3. Reducing a matrix to Echelon form
4. Inverse of a matrix by different methods
5. Solving system of equations using various methods
6. Finding eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a matrix
7. Expressing a vector as a linear combination of given set of vectors
8. Linear span, linear independence and linear dependence
9. Linear transformations and plotting of linear transformations
10. Applications of Rank-Nullity Theorem

1. Operations on matrices
2. Finding rank of matrices
   
3. Reducing a matrix to Echelon form
4. Inverse of a matrix by different methods
5. Solving system of equations using various methods
6. Finding eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a matrix
7. Expressing a vector as a linear combination of given set of vectors
8. Linear span, linear independence and linear dependence
9. Linear transformations and plotting of linear transformations
10. Applications of Rank-Nullity Theorem

1. Operations on matrices
2. Finding rank of matrices
   
3. Reducing a matrix to Echelon form
4. Inverse of a matrix by different methods
5. Solving system of equations using various methods
6. Finding eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a matrix
7. Expressing a vector as a linear combination of given set of vectors
8. Linear span, linear independence and linear dependence
9. Linear transformations and plotting of linear transformations
10. Applications of Rank-Nullity Theorem

1. Operations on matrices
2. Finding rank of matrices
   
3. Reducing a matrix to Echelon form
4. Inverse of a matrix by different methods
5. Solving system of equations using various methods
6. Finding eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a matrix
7. Expressing a vector as a linear combination of given set of vectors
8. Linear span, linear independence and linear dependence
9. Linear transformations and plotting of linear transformations
10. Applications of Rank-Nullity Theorem